Perfect Trip :)

Besotes desde Londres de parte de Los Rolling Stones y Jessi ;)

Desde las alturas pareceis hormiguitas

Ten cuidadin with the police

Todos en Hyde Park

Watt's Steam Engine

James Watt was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements to the steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both the Kingdom of Great Britain and the world.

While working at the University of Glasgow, Watt became interested in the technology of steam engines. He realised that contemporary engine designs wasted a great deal of energy. Watt introduced a design improvement, the separate condenser, which avoided this waste of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines. He developed the concept of horsepower(the name of several units of measurement of power. The most common definitions equal between 735.5 and 750 watts ).

Watt attempted to commercialise his invention, but he failed, until 1775 when he entered into a partnership with Matthew Boulton. The new firm of Boulton and Watt was eventually highly successful and Watt became a wealthy man. In retirement, Watt continued to develop new inventions though none were as significant as his steam engine work. He died in 1819 at the age of 83.

The Watt steam engine was the first type of steam engine to make use of steam at a pressure just above atmospheric to drive the piston helped by a partial vacuum.

Watt’s steam engine, developed sporadically from 1763 to 1775, offering a dramatic increase in fuel efficiency. The new design replaced Newcomen engines in areas where coal was expensive,and then went on to be used in the place of most natural power sources such as wind and water.

In 1765 Watt conceived the idea of a separate condensation chamber. Watt's idea was to equip the engine with a second, small cylinder, connected to the main one. In Watt's design, the cold water was injected only into the condensation chamber. The condenser remained cold and under less than atmospheric pressure than the cylinder, while the cylinder remained hot. When the piston, propelled (propulsar) by steam, reached the top of the cylinder, the steam inlet (entrada) valve closed and the valve controlling the passage to the condenser opened.External atmospheric pressure pushed the piston towards the condenser.

Tower Bridge

Tower Bridge is a combined bascule and suspension bridge in London, England, over the River Thames. It is close to the Tower of London, which gives it its name. It has become an iconic symbol of London.


The bridge consist of:

• Two towers which are tied together at the upper level. 
• Two walkways are designed to withstand the horizontal forces exerted by the suspended section of the bridge on the landward sides of the towers. 
• The vertical component of the forces in the suspended section and the vertical reactions of the two walkways are carried by the two robust towers. 
• The bascule pivots and operating machinery are housed in the base of each tower. 
• The bridge’s total length is 244 metres and the longest span is 61 metres. 

The bridge’s present colour dates from 1977 when it was painted red, white and blue for the Queen’s Silver Jubilee. Originally it was painted a chocolate brown colour.

It was started in 1886 and took eight years with five major contractors: 

• Sir John Jackson 
• Baron Armstrong 
• Sir H.H. Bartlett 
• Sir William Arrol & Co 

They employed 432 construction workers.

The bridge was officially opened on 30 June 1894 by: 

• The Prince of Wales (the future King Edward VII) 
• The Princess of Wales (Alexandra of Denmark).

Tower bridge today

Candem Town

Is an inner city district in northwest London.The Regent's Canal runs through the north of 

Camden Town.

The name was applied to the early 20th century Camden Town Group of artists and the London borough of Camden, created in 1965.

Actors such as Johnny Depp and the singer of Aerosmith,  Steve Tyler, have houses in this exotic neighborhood.

Camden town is a place in which you can find many different cultures such as Punks, Goths and many others.

Camden Town has one of the biggest and varying markets in all of London.

In February of 2008 a huge fire burned the stables of Camden Town and a few other buildings.

Fortunately there where no injured people.

Natural History Museum

The Natural History Museum  is situated on  Exhibition Road in London.

The Natural History Museum is home to science specimens comprising some 70 million items.It

has five main collections that are: Botany, Entomology, Mineralogy, Paleontology and

Zoology.The most famous fossils are a skeleton of a diplodocus in the entrance, and another

skeleton of a mastodon.

 

It was built by Alfred Waterhouse between the years 1873 and 1880. It was founded in 1881. Waterhouse changed Fowke’s Renaissance design to German Romanesque, creating the beautiful Waterhouse Building we know today.The Natural History Museum first opened its doors to the public on Easter Monday in 1881, but its origins go back more than 250 years .

Buckingham Palace History

1705: A large townhouse, built for the Duke of Buckingham.

1761: Acquired by George III as a private residence for Queen Charlotte.

1837: Official royal palace when Queen Victoria became Queen.

Buckingham's Reforms

During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash & Edward Blore, forming three wings around a central courtyard.

The last major structural additions were made in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the East front which contains the well-known balcony on which the Royal Family traditionally congregates to greet crowds outside.

A German bomb, the 10th September 1940 destroyed the private Royal Chapel of Buckingham Palace. It was Duke of Edinburgh’s idea to reopen the bomb-damaged area as a gallery to show works of art from the Royal Collection. It was reopened in 1962. It is known as the Queen's Gallery.

Buckingham's Guards

Since 1660 royal guards have protected the palace.

Nowadays the change of guard has become a tradition for London's habitants. It lasts 45 min. and a lot of people, mostly tourists, congregate.

Equipaje de cabina

La página web de easyjet dice: 

Puedes subir una bolsa de mano a la cabina con unas dimensiones máximas de 56 x 45 x 25 cm. Los bolsos, maletines, ordenadores portátiles y maletines de ordenador cuentan como una bolsa, de manera que si llevas, por ejemplo, un bolso y un maletín de ordenador, deberás pagar un recargo y facturar uno de ellos. Por ello, puede resultarte interesante guardar uno dentro del otro. Esto no es algo que hagamos “porque podemos”, sino porque es de sentido común.

Por ejemplo: todos somos testigos de cómo la creciente cantidad de equipaje de mano ha llevado a una falta de espacio en los compartimentos superiores. Con esta limitación queremos ser justos con todo el mundo y asegurarnos de que todos los pasajeros puedan subir una bolsa a bordo;

• Pasar por las puertas de seguridad es más rápido si se llevan menos bolsas
• Podrás subir y bajar más rápido del avión
• Podremos llevarte puntualmente a tu destino

Recuerda que el equipaje de mano se puede guardar en los compartimentos superiores o debajo del asiento de delante. Si guardas los artículos más pequeños debajo del asiento podremos despegar antes y habrá sitio para el equipaje de mano de todos los pasajeros.

Y, aunque te tiente la idea, no intentes atravesar la puerta de embarque con dos bolsas: nuestro personal se verá obligado a guardar una en la bodega y a cobrarte por ello. ¡Solo conseguirás retrasar el vuelo para todos los pasajeros!

Líquidos en el equipaje de mano

Existen varias normas relacionadas con qué se puede incluir en el equipaje de mano y qué debe dejarse en casa. Ten presente que la palabra “líquidos” abarca un significado más amplio de lo que podrías pensar en un principio. Por ejemplo: los bálsamos de labios, pintalabios, cremas de manos, desodorantes y lacas de pelo se consideran líquidos en este contexto.

Las normas:

• El líquido debe estar dentro de un recipiente con un volumen de, como máximo, 100 mL
• Todos los recipientes deben estar guardados ordenadamente en una bolsa de plástico de 1 litro transparente, con cierre hermético y con unas dimensiones no superiores a 20 x 20 cm
• Dicha bolsa de plástico debe extraerse del equipaje de mano y enseñarse por separado en la puerta de seguridad del aeropuerto

Statues of Darwin and Huxley in the natural history museum

Charles Darwin and Thomas Henry Huxley were well-known scientists of the time.

In 1885 the statue of Darwin took pride of being placed in the Central Hall in the Natural History Museum.

In 1927 Darwin’s statue was moved to the North Hall, to be replaced by a statue of Richard Owen.
The Darwin statue has been moved to the Central Hall to celebrate Darwin200. 

Charles Darwin published on “The Origin of Species” in 1859, which introduced his famous theory of evolution by natural selection.

Thomas Henry Huxley defended Darwin´s ideas against Samuel Wilberborce in 1860.

He was named Darwin´s bulldog.

John Snow & The Broad Street Pump

     


  The first comprehensive epidemiological study was undertaken by Dr John Snow, who analysed fatalities in the London cholera outbreak of 1854. By linking these to one water pump on Broad Street in Soho, London, he established that cholera was a water-borne disease. That summer had been hot and the people were drinking cold water rather than boiling it for tea, as was usual. 

         At once, Snow investigated and mapped the locations of the homes of those who had died in this outbreak. The pump central to his map was on Broad Street. Of the 89 people who died, only 10 lived closer to another pump. 

         In addition, Snow found that the water coming from the pump was cloudy; people had reported that it smelt bad in the days preceding the outbreak. The well was nine metres deep, but a sewer only seven metres below ground was just above it. On 7 September, a week after the outbreak began, Snow got the authorities to remove the pump handle. The number of infections and deaths fell rapidly. (Illustration of the contents of a pail of water sourced from a cistern, around the time of the 1854 cholera epidemic in the UK)

        A replica of the pump, with a memorial plaque and without a handle (to signify John Snow's action to halt the outbreak) was erected near the location of the original pump. Nowadays this pump is visited by many people.